IBS is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain and altered bowel habits (changes in the frequency and/or consistency of stools). In some patients, diarrhoea predominates, while others experience constipation or alternating diarrhoea and constipation.
What are the symptoms of IBS?
Patients with IBS most often complain of abdominal pain, abdominal cramping, bloating, gas, diarrhoea and/or constipation.
Is there a specific diagnostic method that proves IBS?
No, there is no specific test that can definitively diagnose the disease. The diagnosis is made by a doctor based on specific questions about your symptoms. In addition, ruling out the presence of another gastroenterological condition can also help in making the diagnosis.
How is IBS treated and for how long?
For most patients, IBS is a lifelong condition. Although there are treatment options that can help relieve symptoms, there is currently no cure. However, good communication and cooperation with your doctor allow satisfactory symptom control in the majority of patients. Patients with mild and occasional symptoms are usually managed through lifestyle and dietary modifications, whereas those with more frequent or severe symptoms may require pharmacological treatment.
What can I do to feel better?
- Avoid foods that aggravate your symptoms, especially foods that cause bloating and gas;
- If you have constipation, try following a high-fibre diet (fruits and vegetables);
- Increase your physical activity (20-60 minutes at least 3-5 days a week);
- Keep a diary and record your food intake, your activities, and your symptoms;
- If you experience significant stress or anxiety, psychological counselling may be beneficial.
- If systematic short-term elimination of lactose and gluten from the diet leads to improvement in the condition, your doctor may recommend a long-term gluten-free or lactose-free diet.
What groups of medicines are used in the treatment of IBS?
- Medications to relieve diarrhoea;
- Medications to relieve constipation;
- Antispasmodics;
- Antidepressants (in very low doses, they reduce pain);
- Selective gastrointestinal antibiotics (relieve bloating and diarrhoea);
- Probiotics.
References:
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/irritable-bowel-syndrome-beyond-the-basics